仓库或运输工具安排仓储和运输

• BY: 中港澳运输
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(1) the division of responsibilities when it appears as a pure agent

As an agent, the freight forwarding company ACTS as a bridge between the shipper and the carrier, and the shipper and the carrier sign the transport contract directly. Freight forwarder company charge is the commission, small responsibility. In the event of loss or damage to the goods, the owner of the goods may directly claim compensation from the carrier.

(2) the division of liability when it appears as a party

1. The forwarder company signs the contract with the third party (carrier) in its own name

2. Use your own warehouse or means of transport when arranging storage and transportation

3. Collect the price difference when arranging transportation and LCL consolidation

In the above three cases, for the shipper, the freight forwarder is the carrier, should be the responsibility of the carrier.

(3) division of liability in the event of emergence as a nvocc

When a freight forwarder engages in the nvocc business and issues its own nvocc bill of lading, it becomes a nvocc operator and is regarded as a legal carrier who is both a carrier and a shipper.

(4) division of responsibilities when arising as a multimodal transport operator

When a freight forwarder is responsible for multimodal transport and issues a bill of lading, it becomes the multimodal transport operator (MTO), which is considered to be the law

Aircraft mode of transport

Aircraft mode of transport

The carrier

1. The United Nations convention on multimodal transport stipulates the MTO's liability for loss of or delay in delivery of goods

(1) the maximum amount of compensation for loss or damage to the goods shall not exceed 920SDR per unit or transport unit, or 2.75SDR per kilogram, whichever is higher. However, if international multimodal transport does not include sea or river transport under the contract, the MTO's liability shall not exceed 8.33SDR unit per kilogram of gross weight of the lost or damaged goods.

(2) for the delayed delivery of the goods, the delivery period of 90 days is stipulated, and the MTO's compensation limit for the delayed delivery is 2.5 times of the freight of the delayed delivery of the goods, and cannot exceed the full freight of the contract.

2. China's maritime law stipulates the MTO's liability for loss of goods or delayed delivery

(1) for the loss or damage of the goods: 666.67SDR per piece or per other transport unit, or 2SDR per kg of gross weight of the lost or damaged goods, whichever is the higher; (2) as for the delayed delivery, China's maritime law stipulates that the delivery period of the goods is 60 days, and the MTO's compensation limit for the delayed delivery is the amount of freight for the delayed delivery, but the delayed delivery caused by the carrier's wilful act or omission is not subject to this limitation.

(v) division of responsibilities in the case of "mixed" status

Freight forwarders, engaged in a wide range of business, in addition to acting as freight forwarders on behalf of the client customs declaration, inspection, transport arrangements, but also with their own employees, to their own vehicles, ships, planes, warehouses and loading and unloading tools to provide services, or the stage of land transport for the carrier, the sea phase for the agent. The confirmation of the legal status of freight forwarders should not be simplified, but should be analyzed according to the specific situation.

(6) the division of liability subject to the terms of the contract

The responsibilities of freight forwarders are often specified in the standard terms of trade in different countries. Typically, these standard terms of trade are combined in a certificate of receipt or similar documents issued by the forwarder to the shipper.(1)以纯粹代理人的身份出现时的责任分工

货运代理公司作为承运人和托运人之间的桥梁，托运人和承运人直接签订运输合同。货运代理公司收取的是佣金，责任不大。货物灭失或者损坏的，货主可以直接向承运人请求赔偿。

(二)作为当事人出现时的责任分工

1. 货代公司以自己的名义与第三方(承运人)签订合同

2. 使用您自己的仓库或运输工具安排仓储和运输

3.收集安排运输和拼箱时的差价

在以上三种情况下，对于托运人来说，货代是承运人，应当由承运人负责。

(三)无船承运人出现时的责任分工

货代从事无船承运人业务并签发自己的无船承运人提单时，即成为无船承运人，同时被视为承运人和托运人的合法承运人。

(四)多式联运经营人的责任分工

当一个货运代理负责多式联运并签发提单时，它就成为多式联运经营者(MTO)，这被认为是法律

飞机运输方式

飞机运输方式

承运人

1. 《联合国多式联运公约》规定了运输部长对货物灭失或迟延交付的责任

(1)货物灭失、损坏的最高赔偿金额不得超过每单位或者运输单位920SDR，或者每公斤2.75SDR，两者以较高的为准。但是，如果国际多式联运不包括合同项下的海运或内河运输，则MTO的责任不应超过每公斤货物毛重8.33SDR。

(2)延期交货，规定90天的交货期限，MTO对延期交货的赔偿限额为延期交货运费的2.5倍，且不能超过合同规定的全部运费。

2. 中国海商法规定，对于货物灭失或者迟延交付，MTO负有责任

(一)货物灭失或者损坏:每件或者每件运输单位666.67SDR，或者每公斤货物毛重2SDR，两者以较高的为准;(2)延期交货,中国海商法规定,货物的交货期是60天,和MTO的薪酬限制延期交货的货物的延期交货的数量,但造成的延期交货承运人的故意行为或疏忽不受这个限制。

“混合”地位的责任分工

货运代理,从事广泛的业务,除了作为货运代理代表客户报关、检验、运输安排,但也有自己的员工,自己的车辆、船舶、飞机、仓库、装卸工具来提供服务,或土地运输承运人的阶段,大海阶段的代理。货代法律地位的确认不应简单化，而应根据具体情况进行分析。

(六)按照合同约定的责任分工

货运代理的责任通常在不同国家的标准贸易条件中规定。通常，这些标准的贸易条款被合并在货代发给托运人的收据或类似文件中。

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